Cartesian Coordinate System was designed in 1637 by a french mathematician rene descartes, this involved using the X and Y axis. where they met was called origin or O. in the 19th century the z axis was introduced which brought the cartesian co-ordinate system into 3 dimensions. this is now used in 3Dsmax and you can see the efects in the viewports, orthographic or Schematic view is a 2d view that shows a certain axis such as top view = XY left view = YZ front view = XZ perspective view = XYZ. perspective view uses the 3d Cartesian Co-ordinate System.
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