Havok Complete engine:

this engine can do alot of different things with cutting edge physical gameplay and dynamic character animation. characters can react with the world around them dynamicly.

this engine has been the engine that over 70 of the worlds top game developers use and has been used in games such as:

halo2, halo3, world in conflict, dead rising, crackdown, assasins creed etc.

Unreal engine:

this engine is a very popular gaming engine, in 1998 the unreal 1 engine came out which was a success but because computers could not handle this they tweaked with things to bring the performance levels up to a high standard. in 2003 the unreal engine 2 came out which had new things such as a game editor and particle systems. also ragdoll physics was intergrated. then the unreal engine 3 came out which is one of the most used, and best engines at the moment. this new engine could support direct x 9/10 and has been made into many games such as gears of war and unreal tornament 3.

 

the benefits of radiosity over standard lighting is a more realistic effect this is because in real life every surface has some type of reflection of light so each surface would look different with light on it. this is shown better with radiosity than standard light.

(picture from www.geomerics.com/enlighten-why.htm)

see how the radiosity is more of a gradient with subtle shadows where as direct illumination is one block shadow.

light intensity can be measured in photometric units which are Lumens and candelas. this can be measured in both computer graphics and real world light fixtures. local illiumnation is how individual surfaces reflect or transmit light

1960s

        · Initial experimentation with 3D graphics.

        · john mcarthy develops the LISP programming language for A.I applications

• boeing in seattle made a 3d animation of an aircraft carrier landing withe plotteddrawings by william fetter and w. bernhart

1970s

· Many animation and rendering algorithms used today were developed in the 1970s

· Image and bump textures developed

· Hand and face animation improvements

· First use of 3D CGI in movies

 

• robert abel and associates opens, fred i parke creates animated faces at the university of utah

   

• at the university of utah ed catmul devloped an animation scripting language and created an animation of a smooth shaded hand. meanwhile fred parke created the first computer generated face animation. MAGI animated computer rendered polygonal objects.

   

• Hunger/la faim the short film was realesed made using interactive keyframes

   

• a computer group opens at george lucas’ industrial light abd magic

   

 

1980s

· Raytracing5 rendering developed

· Video became most common output method for animation

· ‘Tron’ was the first movie with more than 20 minutes of digital graphics (1982)

· The mid to late 80s saw a huge growth in the use of digital graphics in movies and advertising

· Luxo Jr. (Pixar, 1985) was the first computer-generated animation to be nominated for an academy award

· ‘Tin Toy’ (Pixar, 1988 ) was first to win an academy award

· Particle systems6 animation developed

 

• light, fog, rain and sky was created at hiroshima university
• blue sky studios opened in new york
• side effects software opened in toronto (developers of houdini)
• locomotion was made, a short film by pacific images, is an early example of squash and stretch.

1990s

• disneys ‘aladdin’ is their first film to contain a fully computer animated character.
• ‘jurassic park’ sets the standard for creating realistic living creatures
• 
• ‘Toy story’ was realeased to huge commercial and critical success and is the first full-length
•  

2000

• the debut of playstation2, xbox and gamecube boosted the quantity and quality of 3d animation being produced
• ‘final fantasy:spirits within’ was made,  first fully 3d animated fature film to contain cg actors. technically brilliant.
• Next generation of consoles, Xbox360 and playstation 3 boosts 3d animation to its limits

 Cartesian Coordinate System was designed in 1637 by a french mathematician rene descartes, this involved using the X and Y axis. where they met was called origin or O. in the 19th century the z axis was introduced which brought the cartesian co-ordinate system into 3 dimensions. this is now used in 3Dsmax and you can see the efects in the viewports, orthographic or Schematic view is a 2d view that shows a certain axis such as top view = XY left view = YZ front view = XZ perspective view = XYZ. perspective view uses the 3d Cartesian Co-ordinate System.

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